Instruments include, in addition to the ones mentioned, flauto piccolo (sopranino recorder), violino piccolo, viola d’amore, violoncello piccolo (a smaller cello), tromba da tirarsi (slide trumpet), and corno da tirarsi. A solo movement begins Gott, man lobet dich in der Stille, BWV 120, because its first words speak of silence. Thomaskirche, one of the two Leipzig churches where Bach composed and performed church cantatas almost weekly from 1723 to 1726. In many arias Bach uses obbligato instruments, which correspond with the singer as an equal partner. The fortieth cantata of the cycle for the Annunciation of the Blessed Mary. Dürr (pp 758-765) devotes an unprecedented six pages to its description and analysis, a clear indication of the significance he attaches to it. The casual listener may first be struck by the thought—I have heard this somewhere—before realising that the second movement is the basis for the Crucifixus of the Bm Mass . Bach Cantata Notes BWV 1 - "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern" The Feast of the Annunciation is celebrated each year on 25th March and for this day – on which, as an exception during Lent, music was performed in Leipzig – Bach wrote this cantata Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern.The lesson and gospel passage for this day are closely related. Cantata 77: The Theological Background 8. The chorale can be as simple as a traditional four-part setting, or be accompanied by an obbligato instrument, or be accompanied by the instruments of the opening chorus or even expanded by interludes based on its themes, or have the homophonic vocal parts embedded in an instrumental concerto as in the familiar Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147, or have complex vocal parts embedded in the concerto as in Ärgre dich, o Seele, nicht, BWV 186, in a form called Choralphantasie (chorale fantasia). Bach later transcribed this movement for organ (BWV 645), and it was subsequently published along with five other transcriptions Bach made of his cantata movements as the Schübler Chorales. The high pitch of the melody is doubled by a violino piccolo an octave higher, representing the bliss of the “heavenly Jerusalem.”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachet_auf,_ruft_uns_die_Stimme,_BWV_140. Figure 2. is replete with a mysterious celebration and exuberant liveliness. Bach - Cantata BWV 61 … The final chorale is typically a homophonic setting of a traditional melody. Works from three annual cycles of cantatas for the liturgical calendar have survived. It is in E-flat major. "Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben": An Analysis of Cantata 77 9. The words for many cantatas combine Bible quotes, contemporary poetry and chorale, but he also composed a cycle of chorale cantatas based exclusively on one chorale. 3. A typical Bach cantata of his first year in Leipzig follows the scheme: The opening chorus (Eingangschor) is usually a polyphonic setting, the orchestra presenting the themes or contrasting material first. Bach did not follow any scheme strictly, but composed as he wanted to express the words. One size of choir probably does not fit all the cantatas. The list includes both extant cantatas and, as far as known, lost cantatas. Schlosskirche in Weimar where Bach composed and performed church cantatas monthly from 1714 to 1717. Bach: Cantata Ein feste Burg, BWV 80: Movements 1, 2, 8 (for component 3: Appraising) Background information and performance circumstances Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque period and has a prolific output of compositions. In Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61, for the 1st Sunday in Advent, the beginning of a new liturgical year, he shaped the opening chorus as a French overture. The cantata is a late addition to Bach’s cycle of chorale cantatas, featurin… The introductory chorale mvt. Written around the same time as Cantata 106, it is another example of a chorale cantata by Bach. The bass is often the vox Christi, the voice of Jesus, when Jesus is quoted directly, as in Es wartet alles auf dich, BWV 187, or indirectly, as in O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort, BWV 60. Many cantatas composed in Weimar are set like chamber music, mostly for soloists, with a four-part setting only in the closing chorale, which may have been sung by the soloists. The final words were usually a stanza from a chorale. In movements with winds, a bassoon usually joins the continuo group. Below is a complete analysis of the A2 Music baroque piece, Cantata No.48, ‘Ich elender Mensch’: movement I-IV which consists of Ich elender Mensch, Recitativo, Bach Chorale and Aria.Feel free to skip to the parts most relevant to you. In the absence of clear documentary evidence, there are different options as to how many singers to deploy per part in choral sections. Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot ("Break with hungry men thy bread" or "Give the hungry ones thy bread"), BWV 39, in Leipzig and first performed on 23 June 1726, the first Sunday after Trinity that year. The orchestra that Bach used is based on string instruments (violin, viola) and basso continuo, typically played by cello, double bass (an octave lower) and organ. Bach’s cantatas were an unimaginable achievement. 147 This cantata contains so much more than 'Jesu, joy of man's desiring' - but it's a great way in to this religious piece from 1723. The first movement is a chorale fantasia based on the first verse of the chorale, a common feature of Bach’s earlier chorale cantatas. Like the chorale heard in Cantata 1, this chorale was written by Philipp Nicolai. In an exemplary way both cantatas cover the prescribed readings: starting with a related psalm from the Old Testament, Part I reflects the Gospel, Part II the Epistle. and “wo, wo?” (where, where? He is believed to have composed at least 300 (a third or more have been lost). There is a powerful build-up from the point of … Bach used an expanded structure to take up his position in Leipzig with t… Of the over 1,120 entries in the Bach Works Catalogue (BWV), this cantata is No. Aria 4. All movements, including the opening sinfonia, make use … This is a sortable list of the Bach cantatas, the cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach. Cantata 21, "Ich hatte viel Bek mmernis" 4. Therefore, among these factors of perception are a listener’s language as well as personality. These instrumental parts are frequently set in virtuoso repetitive patterns called figuration. At age 38, put in … 3 of Analyzing Bach Cantatas [New York: Oxford University Press, 2000]). There can be little doubt that this is one of the best known and most admired of Bach’s earliest cantatas. Bach’s varied settings of the three-stanza hymns as chorale cantatas and his creation of hybrid chorale cantatas, most notably in Cantata 140, show his compositional mastery. BWV 172, Bach marked a repeat of the opening chorus after the chorale. Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140. The specific character of a cantata or a single movement is rather defined by wind instruments, such asoboe, oboe da caccia, oboe d’amore, flauto traverso, recorder, trumpet, horn, trombone, and timpani. He composed this chorale cantata, in which both text and music are based on a Lutheran hymn, whilst in the position of Cantor of St Thomas Church in Leipzig. Any lover of harmony and/or music theory will treasure this collection of the Bach chorales. The fifth movement is a recitative for bass, accompanied by the strings. He composed the chorale cantatain Leipzig for the 27th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 25 November 1731. Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ('Awake, calls the voice to us'), BWV 140, also known as Sleepers Wake, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, regarded as one of his most mature and popular sacred cantatas. Recorders (flauti dolci) are sometimes used to express humility or poverty, such as in the cantata Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot, BWV 39. He composed the chorale cantatain Leipzig for the 27th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 25 November 1731. This is arguably the best known of Bach’s cantatas (fans of Cantata 140, Wachet auf might disagree, but it would certainly be a close contest).Certainly this cantata employs the most famous of all Lutheran chorales, “Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott” (A might fortress is our God), a chorale written by Luther himself. 1. Bach’s Chorales Here in one package is a rosetta stone that uncovers the countless mysteries of Bach’s masterful compositional art. J.S. It pictures the unity of the bridegroom and the “chosen bride.” The sixth movement is another duet for soprano and bass with obbligato oboe. 50+ videos Play all Mix - Bach Cantata BWV 61-1 Harmonic analysis with colored notes -Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland-YouTube J.S. It was at Leipzig that Bach, between 1732 and 1744, developed and perfected the form of the ‘Chorale Cantata’. The fourth movement, based on the second verse of the chorale, is written in the style of a chorale prelude, with the phrases of the chorale, sung as a cantus firmus by the tenors (or by the tenor soloist), entering intermittently against a famously lyrical melody played in unison by the violins (without the violino piccolo) and the viola, accompanied by the basso continuo. He sometimes assigns the voice parts to the dramatic situation, for example soprano for innocence or alto for motherly feelings. A few cantatas are opened by an instrumental piece before the first chorus, such as the Sinfonia of Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29. Cantata BWV 4, Christ lag in Todes Banden, is surely one of the most popular and best known of all of Bach’s sacred cantatas. The final chorale is typically a homophonic setting of a traditional melody. This page will give you an overview of Bach’s approach to the composition of cantatas. A typical Bach cantata of his first year in Leipzig follows the scheme: 1. After his death, his son Wilhelm Friedemann Bach arranged the first and fifth movements, adopting a new text and adding trumpets and timpani. Most arias follow the form of a da capo aria, repeating the first part after a middle section. ), and long melismas in a fugato on “Halleluja.”. On the listening exam, you will only be responsible for movements I, IV, and VII. It is based on the hymn “Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme” (1599) by Philipp Nicolai. Bach - Cantata No. He composed the chorale cantata in Leipzig for the 27th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 25 November 1731. Aria 6. Bach used an expanded structure to take up his position in Leipzig with the cantatas Die Elenden sollen essen, BWV 75, and Die Himmel erzählen die Ehre Gottes, BWV 76, both in two parts, to be performed before and after the sermon (post orationem) and during communion (sub communione), each part a sequence of opening movement, five movements alternating recitatives and arias, and chorale. Harmonic Analysis of J.S. It is based on Martin Luther’s hymn of the same name. On 25 November 1731 parts are frequently set in virtuoso repetitive patterns called.... Chorales in cantata Designs 6 the strings both extant cantatas are among his most significant and compositions... 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